Python建立爬虫代理ip池

import threading
import datetime
import random
import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup


"""
1、抓取西刺代理网站的代理ip
2、并根据指定的目标url,对抓取到ip的有效性进行验证
3、最后存到指定的path
"""


# ------------------------------------------------------文档处理--------------------------------------------------------
# 写入文档
def write(path, text):
    with open(path, 'a') as f:
        f.writelines(text)
        f.write('\n')


# 清空文档
def truncatefile(path):
    with open(path, 'w') as f:
        f.truncate()


# 读取文档
def read(path):
    with open(path, 'r') as f:
        txt = []
        for s in f.readlines():
            txt.append(s.strip())
    return txt


# ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# 计算时间差,格式: 时分秒
def gettimediff(start, end):
    seconds = (end - start).seconds
    m, s = divmod(seconds, 60)
    h, m = divmod(m, 60)
    diff = ("%02d:%02d:%02d" % (h, m, s))
    return diff


# ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# 返回一个随机的请求头 headers
def getheaders():
    user_agent_list = [
        "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/22.0.1207.1 Safari/537.1"
        "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; CrOS i686 2268.111.0) AppleWebKit/536.11 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/20.0.1132.57 Safari/536.11",
        "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/536.6 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/20.0.1092.0 Safari/536.6",
        "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2) AppleWebKit/536.6 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/20.0.1090.0 Safari/536.6",
        "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.77.34.5 Safari/537.1",
        "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/536.5 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1084.9 Safari/536.5",
        "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.0) AppleWebKit/536.5 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1084.36 Safari/536.5",
        "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1063.0 Safari/536.3",
        "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 5.1) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1063.0 Safari/536.3",
        "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_8_0) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1063.0 Safari/536.3",
        "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1062.0 Safari/536.3",
        "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1062.0 Safari/536.3",
        "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1061.1 Safari/536.3",
        "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1061.1 Safari/536.3",
        "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1061.1 Safari/536.3",
        "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1061.0 Safari/536.3",
        "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/535.24 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1055.1 Safari/535.24",
        "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2; WOW64) AppleWebKit/535.24 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1055.1 Safari/535.24"
    ]
    useragent = random.choice(user_agent_list)
    headers = {'User-Agent': useragent}
    return headers


# -----------------------------------------------------检查ip是否可用----------------------------------------------------
def checkip(targeturl, ip):
    headers = getheaders()  # 定制请求头
    proxies = {"http": "http://" + ip, "https": "https://" + ip}  # 代理ip
    try:
        response = requests.get(url=targeturl, proxies=proxies, headers=headers, timeout=5).status_code
        if response == 200:
            return True
        else:
            return False
    except:
        return False


# -------------------------------------------------------获取代理方法----------------------------------------------------
# 免费代理 XiciDaili
def findip(type_, pagenum, targeturl, path):  # ip类型,页码,目标url,存放ip的路径
    dic = {'1': 'https://www.xicidaili.com/nt/',  # xicidaili国内普通代理
           '2': 'https://www.xicidaili.com/nn/',  # xicidaili国内高匿代理
           '3': 'https://www.xicidaili.com/wn/',  # xicidaili国内https代理
           '4': 'https://www.xicidaili.com/wt/'}  # xicidaili国外http代理
    url = dic[str(type_)] + str(pagenum)  # 配置url
    headers = getheaders()  # 定制请求头
    html = requests.get(url=url, headers=headers, timeout=5).text
    soup = BeautifulSoup(html, 'lxml')
    all_ = soup.find_all('tr', class_='odd')
    for i in all_:
        t = i.find_all('td')
        ip = t[1].text + ':' + t[2].text  # 用作验证可用性
        is_avail = checkip(targeturl, ip)
        ip = t[5].text.lower() + '://' + t[1].text + ':' + t[2].text  # 加协议保存
        if is_avail:
            write(path=path, text=ip)
            print(ip)


# -----------------------------------------------------多线程抓取ip入口---------------------------------------------------
def getip(targeturl, path):
    truncatefile(path)  # 爬取前清空文档
    start = datetime.datetime.now()  # 开始时间
    threads = []
    for type_ in range(4):  # 四种类型ip,每种类型取前三页,共12条线程
        for pagenum in range(3):
            t = threading.Thread(target=findip, args=(type_ + 1, pagenum + 1, targeturl, path))
            threads.append(t)
    print('开始爬取代理ip')
    for s in threads:  # 开启多线程爬取
        s.start()
    for e in threads:  # 等待所有线程结束
        e.join()
    print('爬取完成')
    end = datetime.datetime.now()  # 结束时间
    diff = gettimediff(start, end)  # 计算耗时
    ips = read(path)  # 读取爬到的ip数量
    print('一共爬取代理ip: %s 个,共耗时: %s \n' % (len(ips), diff))


# -------------------------------------------------------启动-----------------------------------------------------------
if __name__ == '__main__':
    path_ = 'ip.txt'  # 存放爬取ip的文档path
    targetUrl = 'http://www.baidu.com/'  # 验证ip有效性的指定url
    getip(targetUrl, path_)
来源：https://www.cnblogs.com/TurboWay/p/8172246.html
对原代码略作修改，参考PEP8。
Python建立爬虫代理ip池

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